UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION - NET/SET (Methodology of Educational Research)
Methodology of Educational Research
The value which cannot be determined graphically is
(a) Median
(b) Mean
(c) Frequency table
(d) None of the above
The most frequent item of the series around which other items are densely populated is known as
(a) geometric mean
(b) arithmetic mean
(c) harmonic mean
(d) mode
The square of standard deviation is called
(a) variance
(b) co-efficient
(c) mean
(d) None of the above
After passing your B.Ed. examination, you go back to the same school where you were working before. Which of the following changes should your students notice in your teaching?
(a) They find you better respected among your colleagues
(b) You appear more stylish and better behave than before
(c) There is a feeling of superiority in your movement and treatment of students
(d) They find your giving more opportunities to them to learn themselves
The sum of the deviations of individual observation is zero from
(a) arithmetic mean
(b) mode
(c) median
(d) geometric mean
Which of the following could classified under the software of educational technology
(a) Radio Broadcasts
(b) Tape recorders
(c) R.T.V. Telecast
(d) Programmed instructional material
Skewness is present if
(a) Quartile are not equividistant from median
(b) Median is equal to 3rd Quartile
(c) If quartile is equidistant from median
(d) None of the above
The Law of Probability is applied in
(a) Random sampling
(b) Non-random sampling
(c) Geometry
(d) None of the above
Mode is
(a) least frequent value
(b) middle most value
(c) most frequent value
(d) represents majority out of total frequency
An extreme item or a lowest item will always have a bearing upon
(a) Mean
(b) Median
(c) Mode
(d) None of the above
The arithmetic mean of the direct 100 natural numbers is
(a) 55.2
(b) 60.1
(c) 25.7
(d) 50.5
The term wastage is used to devote that.
(a) Children leave schools before they complete the prescribed age or class in education
(b) A lot of amount meant for school
education is wasted by authorities
(c) Children have to waste a lot on materials other than prescribed books for study.
(d) Most rural parents think it a waste of time for their children to attend schools.
Studying the social status of a population a researcher concluded that Mr. X is socially backward. His conclusion is
(a) wrong
(b) biased
(c) inaccurate
(d) right
Data collected from published books are
called
(a) Primary data
(b) Secondary data
(c) Tertiary data
(d) None of the above
The sum of the squared deviations of the items from Arithmetic mean is always
(a)
(b) One
(c) Zero
(d) Five
A teacher encounters various problems during his professional experiences. He should
(a) resign from his post in such situations
(b) do research on that problem and find a solution
(c) take the help of head of the institution
(d) avoid the problematic situations
A research problem is feasible only when
(a) it is new and adds something to knowledge
(b) it is researchable
(c) it has utility and relevance
(d) all of these
Which of the following are positional averages?
(a) geometric mean
(b) median
(c) arithmetic mean
(d) harmonic mean
A researcher wants to study the future of the Congress I in India. For the study which tool is most appropriate for him?
(a) Questionnaire
(b) Interview
(c) Schedule
(d) Rating scale
Seeing a very big rally it was reported that JD will win the election, the conclusion was based on
(a) random sampling
(b) cluster sampling
(c) purposive sampling
(d) systematic sampling
In a normal distribution, the distance of one standard deviation above and below the Mean shown the limits of middle
(a) 68.26% of the distribution
(b) 86.20% of the distribution
(c) 64.26% of the distribution
(d) 68.26% of the distribution
"Statistics is the science of Estimates and Probabilities", said by
(a) Bowley
(b) Croxton
(d) Boddington
(e) Pythagores
While writing research report a researcher
(a) must arrange it in logical, topical and chronological order
(b) must not use the numerical figures in numbers in the beginning of sentences
(c) must compare his results with those of the other studies
(d) all of the above
The sum of deviations of the items from Median, ignoring the signs is
(a) Maximum
(b) Least
(c) Zero
(d) None of the above
Statistics does not deal with
(a) Aggregates
(b) Individuals
(c) Groups
(d) Mass quantoff
Educationists attach great importance to 'experience' in education. What would be the correct interpretation of this suggestion?
(a) Providing actual life experience in schools as suited to outside life
(b) Appointing experienced teachers
(c) Teaching through activities ad experimental methods in the school
(d) Teaching the experiences of great teachers in education
Which of the following approaches would be in accordance with the realistic philosophy of education, in your opinion
(a) To emphasize on factors within the individual
(b) Manipulating to see that what is within comes out
(c) Complete freedom should be given but fear must be imposed
(d) Suppressing the environment to safeguard the individual.
The coefficient of variation is always
(a) ratio
(b) a percentage
(c) average
(d) None of the above
By breaking the scale on X or Y axis in a graphical representation we will be creating
(a) Line graph
(b) False base line
(c) Bar diagram
(d) None of the above
If the data is plotted on a graph and a bell shape is obtained it is an indication of
(a) skewness
(b) no skewness
(c) no correlation
(d) None of the above
When two or more variables are studied, it is called
(a) Positive correlation
(b) Linear correlation
(c) Partial correlation
(d) None of the above
In the matter of curriculum teachers should
(a) be mainly concerned with the tasks of its implementation
(b) be quite active participants in its development
(c) understand its historical development to be able to teach
(d) understand the main objectives of every subject
Stagnation in education means that
(a) Teachers have got no inclination to refresh their knowledge
(b) The curriculum studies have become old and out moded
(c) Methods followed for teaching have lost attraction for children
(d) Children do not progress from class year by year
For doing external criticism (for establishing the authenticity of data) a researcher must verify
(a) the paper and ink used in that period which is under study
(b) the signature and handwriting of the author
(c) style of prose writing of that period
(d) all of the above
Where informants are literate and are spread over a vast area, the most suitable method of collecting data is
(a) direct personal interview
(b) mailed questionnaire method
(c) interview by investigator
(d) any of these
If two or more characters are shown in a table it is called
(a) Simple table
(b) Complex table
(c) Variable table
(d) None of the above
It is said that in the course of a child's education his feeling and emotions also must be looked after. This aspect of education can be termed as
(a) Psychological Education
(b) Value Orientation
(c) Congnitive Education
(d) Affective Education
The process of grouping of related facts into classes is called
(a) Tabulation
(b) Classification
(c) Pie diagram
(d) None of the above
A set of vertical bars whose areas are proportional to the frequencies represented is called
(a) Frequency polygon
(b) Histogram
(c) Pie chart
(d) None of the above
The term 'Supervised study' in schools means that
(a) Students say effort in learning is encouraged by teachers with their guidance
(b) It is curricular subject of study like the social studies.
(c) Teachers are required to supervise slow students study after school.
(d) It is a term used by inspectors to supervise low teachers study for their daily work.
The objective behind population education in schools is to,
(a) Give an idea of the seize of population on different states in our country
(b) Teach about the nature and magnitude of the population of different countries
(c) Make student understand the dangers of the growing of population in our country
(d) Explain low educational facilities should be improved for our country's population
It is an example of negative correlation
(a) an increase in population will lead to a shortage of foodgrains
(b) corruption in India is increasing
(c) poor intelligence means poor achievement in school
(d) poor working condition retards output
Some researches have revealed that the headmasters of schools really do not like the parents to come to school and talk to them what would be your assumption about this attitude ?
(a) They feel it a waste of time to talk to parents
(b) They feel at a disturbance in their work
(c) They fear that parents come always with complaints against the schools, etc.
(d) They feel inferior to parents and want to avoid them
An example of scientific knowledge is
(a) social traditions and customs
(b) authority of the Prophet or great men
(c) religious scriptures
(d) laboratory and field experiments
The Co-efficient of concurrent deviations from the following data. No. of pairs of observation = 96, No. of pairs of concurrent deviations = 36, will be
(a)-0.577
(c) 0.577
(b) 0.482
(d)-0.482
Direct personal interviews constitute
(a) Primary data
(b) Secondary data
(c) Tertiary data
(d) None of the above
Indirect oral interviews are called
(a) Primary data
(b) Secondary data
(c) Mock tests
(d) Viva Voce
A moving average is calculated by using
(a) Mean
(b) Mode
(b) Median
(d) None of the above
Middle quartile is known as
(a) median
(b) mode
(c) harmonic mean
(d) geometric mean
Ferobel, the well-known child educationist was a
(a) Realist from the United Kingdom
(b) French psychologist
(c) Psychologist of the progressive education movement
(d) German educationist with poor education
The following cannot be located with the help of an ogive
(a) quartile
(b) mode
(c) median
(d) decile
Find the odd one out:
(a) percentile
(b) decile
(c) quartile
(d) deviation
Introspection is a method of educational psychology helps us to collect data about the
(a) Conscious experiences of a subject
(b) Structural aspects of a subject
(c) Unconscious experience of an individual
(d) Unstructural aspects of a subject
The observational method in all social situations
(a) Involves considerable training in the method of observation
(b) require experimental facilities to observe large groups at a time
(c) in the easiest to be adopted by teachers who observe children every time.
(d) can be adopted in the case of adults 'literate persons only'.
Nine years old children are taller than 7 years old ones. It is an example of
(a) vertical studies
(b) cross-sectional studies
(c) experimental studies
(d) case studies
The measure which divides a distribution in ten equal parts is known as
(a) percentile
(b) decile
(c) quartile
(d) deviation
If both the variables are varying in the same direction it is called
(a) Positive corelation
(b) Multiple corelation
(c) Negative corelation
(d) None of these
If Co-variance between x and y variable is 5, and the variance of x is 25, y = 9, the y will be
(a) 0.33
(b) 0.11
(c) 0.44
(d) 0.22
Epistemiology is a field which is concerned with
(a) the real nature of knowledge and its achievement
(b) the social aspects of knowledge to be imparted in schools
(c) goals of knowledge to be achieved through mental processes
(d) the practical considerations as aims of education
Logic of induction is very close to
(a) the logic of sampling
(b) the logic of the controlled variable
(c) the logic of observation
(d) none of the above
Hypothesis cannot be stated in
(a) declarative terms
(b) null and question form terms
(c) general terms
(d) directional terms
All are example of qualitative variables except
(a) sex
(b) religion and castes
(c) observation
(d) Kinterest of the subject
To study the distribution of wealth & income
(a) standard deviation is used
(b) Lovenz curve is used
(c) Only Marxian theory is used
(d) Only capitalistic theory is used
In a symmetrical distribution the interval between mean & median and the mean & mode is equal to
(a) 1/3
(b) 2/3
(c) 1/2
(d) 3/4
Which of the following is a primary source of data ?
(a) Official records-governments documents, information preserved by social-religious organizations etc.
(b) Personal records, letters, diaries, autobiographies, wills, etc.
(c) Oral testimony of traditions and customs
(d) All of the above
Some thinkers rightly feel that under the guise of the feeling of nationalism there is the fear of
(a) self praise and feelings of indifference, increasing among people.
(b) developing feeling of pride and selfishness among people
(c) hiding our prides and weaknesses and giving too much importance to a few virtues
(d) developing over confidence in our work and neglecting the progress process of improvement
Educational technology is a process concerned with
(a) Explains the progress of technology through education
(b) Equipping the technical institutions for better methods of instructions
(c) Using the modern methods of technologies in teaching and learning in schools
(d) Improving the schools through implementation of science and technological subjects.
The number of times a value is repeated is called
(a) Class interval
(b) Frequency
(c) Sample
(d) None of the above
Which of the following is the most unstable average?
(a) arithmetic mean
(b) median
(c) mode
(d) geometric mean
The lowest and the highest values that can be included in a class are called
(a) Class interval
(b) Class limit
(c) Frequency table
(d) None of the above
The spare of a class is called
(a) class interval
(b) Frequency
(c) Class limit
(d) None of the above
"Statistics is called the science of counting", said by
(a) Cowden
(b) Bowley
(c) Pearson
(d) Karl Marx
While taking deviations the signs are ignored in
(a) Quartile deviation
(b) Range
(c) Mean deviation
(d) All of the above
If the variables are varying in the opposite directions, it is called
(a) Positive corelation
(b) Negative corelation
(c) Linear corelation
(d) None of the above
The first step for making a statistical investigation is
(a) Organisation
(b) Collection of data
(c) Samples
(d) None of the above
An average should be used to typify
(a) multimodal distribution
(b) a biodal distribution
(c) U-shaped distribution
(d) a distribution showing a clear, single concentration of observations.
Herbert Spencer favoured Pestalozzi's learning theory as a process of
(a) Serving the cause of nation
(b) Self activity
(c) Programmed instructional material
(d) Internal self instruction
Which average is affected most by extreme observations?
(a) median
(b) mode
(c) arithmetic mean
(d) geometric mean
Graphically, mode can be estimated from
(a) ogive
(b) bar diagram
(c) histogram
(d) historigram
The mean age of 40 students is 16 years and the mean age of another group of 60 students is 20 years. The mean age of all the 100 students is
(a) 16.8 years
(b) 18 years
(c) 18.4 years
(d) 18.8 years
Graph of frequency distribution is called
(a) Frequency polygon
(b) Curve
(c) Histogram
(d) None of the above
An auto-ride costs Rs. 5 for the first 1.6 km and Re. 0.50 per each additional 100 metres. The cost for each distance unit is incurred at the beginning of the unit, so that the rider pays for the whole unit. The average cost for a 8 km ride is :
(a) Rs. 5.25
(b) Rs. 4.54
(c) Rs. 4.62
(d) Rs. 4.75
With which of the following propositions about research you do not agree?
(a) Research is a joy in itself
(b) Research contributes to social progress of the country
(c) Research leads to finding solution to many problems of the society
(d) Research improves the quality of teaching
Median is
(a) least frequent value
(b) most frequent value
(c) centre of gravity
(d) middle most value
The experimental study is based on the law of
(a) single variable
(b) occupation
(c) replication
(d) interest of the subject
In a positively skewed distribution the value of mode is
(a) Maximum
(b) Minimum
(c) Same
(d) Zero
The one method which satisfies the factor reversal test under the price index method is
(a) Paasche's Method
(b) Laspeyres Method
(c) Fisher's Ideal Method
(d) None of the above
Positional Average is called
(a) Mode
(b) Median
(c) Mean
(d) Chart table
The average weight of a group of 25 boys was calculated to be 78.4 lbs. It was later discovered that the weight of one boy was misread as 69 lbs. Instead of 96 lb. The correct average is
(a) 78.48
(b) 79.84
(c) 79.48
(d) 79.00
The process not needed in experimental researches is
(a) controlling
(b) observation
(c) manipulation and replication
(d) reference collection
14. The average age of 10 students in a class is 17 years. If one of them who is 26 years old leaves the school, the average age will be
(a) 17 years
(b) 16 years
(c) 15 years
(b) 18 years
The value of mean, median and mode coincide in case of
(a) negatively skewed distribution
(b) positively skewed distribution
(c) symmetrical distribution
(d) all of these
The number of students securing upto 40 marks is
(a) 20
(b) 46
(c) 40
(d) 30
Step deviation method to estimate arithmetic mean can be applied only when
(a) it is a discrete series
(b) it is an individual series we are examining
(c) it is continuous series
(d) deviations are divisible by a common factor
The mean monthly salary paid to all employees of a company is Rs. 5000. The mean monthly salary paid to male and female employees is Rs. 5,250 and Rs. 4,000 respectively. The percentage of females in total employees is
(a) 60 percent
(b) 10 percent
(c) 20 percent
(d) 40 percent
The sum of deviations taken from actual arithmetic mean is
(a) zero
(b) infinite
(c) positive
(d) negative
The formula for the calculation of the Mode is
(a) Mode= 3 Mean 2 Median
(b) Mode = 2 Mdn. - 2 Mean
(c) Mode= 3 Mdn. 2 Mean
(d) Mode= 4 Mdn. - 3 Mean
Which one is not a primary data
(a) Direct personal interview
(b) Mailed questionnaire
(c) Material from Govt. Records
(d) None of the above
The entrance tests for admission to education, is intended to
(a) Test the scholastic abilities of the candidates
(b) How if the candidates remember what they have learnt in their first degree
(c) Find out it the candidates remember what they have learnt in their first degree
(d) Know whether they can quickly guide and decide about their desire to work as teachers
The Root-Mean square deviation is also called
(a) Mean deviation
(b) Standard deviation
(c) Quartile deviation
(d) None of the above
In a positively skewed distribution the value of mean is
(a) Maximum
(b) Minimum
(c) Zero
(d)-1
Skewness is present in
(a) Mean = Median = Mode
(b) Mean = Median = Mode
(c) Both a x b
(d) None of the above
The per capita income of India from 1950 to 1900 is four times. This study is
(a) social
(b) horizontal
(c) longitudinal
(d) factorial
Picking up small variable units and making a general prediction upon their study is called
(a) Sample
(b) Census
(c) Primary data
(d) Secondary data
Which of the following statement is correct?
(a) A.m. < G.m. < H.m.
(b) A.m. > G.m. > H.m.
(c) G.m. > A.m. < H.m.
(d) A.m. > G.m. < H.m.
The following is the weighted Aggregative indices
(a) Fisher's
(b) Paasche's
(c) Laspeyres
(d) All the three
Cumulative frequency curve is known as
(a) ogive
(b) histogram
(c) frequency polygon
(d) historigram
Combination of Laspeyres and Paasche's Method is
(a) Fishers Ideal Index
(b) Aggregate Method
(c) Simple average of price relatives method
(d) None of the above
The one method which satisfies the "time reversal test" under price index numbers is
(a) Fisher's Ideal Method
(b) Paasche's Method
(c) Laspeyres Method
(d) None of the above
In a positively skewed distribution the value of
(a) Mean is maximum
(b) Mode is maximum
(c) Mean and mode are same
(d) None of the above
Individual Extreme values cannot influence
(a) Median
(b) Mean
(c) Average
(d) None of the above
The average weekly wages of a group of 50 I workers were Rs. 400. It was later discovered that two entries were misread as Rs. 230 and Rs. 140 instead of Rs. 320 and Rs. 410. The correct average is
(a) Rs. 409.3
(b) Rs. 407.2
(c) Rs. 395.6
(d) Rs. 409.7
In any research one should
(a) know everything in the area without bothering to learn the details if any
(b) know more and more about less and less in certain specific sub areas
(c) not try out anything blindly but wait until a sudden flash appears in his mind
(d) None of the above
Attributes of objects, events or things which can be measured are called
(a) data
(b) qualitative measure
(c) variables
(d) None of the above
To study the public opinion it is used
(a) Quota sampling
(b) Random sampling
(c) Judgement sampling
(d) Direct interviews
The mean of 5 observations is 4.4 and the variance is 8.24, if the first three observations are 1, 2, 6, the last two observations will be
(a) 9, 4
(b) 8, 7
(c) 4, 2
(d) 3, 5
All causes non sampling errors except
(a) faulty tools of measurement
(b) inadequate sample
(c) non response
(d) defect in data collection
If the Regression Equation of y on xis: Y= 1.143+79.42, and if the values of x is given at 70. The value of y will be:
(a) 160
(b) 149.63
(c) 159.43
(d) 160.43
The co-efficient value is always a
(a) ratio
(b) percentage
(c) average
(d) None of the above
Boarding schools are considered to be better than the day schools because
(a) They help children in their social development
(b) they are helpful in freeing parents from their responsibilities
(c) they save the trouble for children to walk to school from homes
(d) They are meant for homeless and parentless children
Field study is related to
(a) real life situations
(b) laboratory situations
(c) experimental situations
(d) None of the above
Independent variables are not manipulated in
(a) ex-post facto researches
(b) normative researches
(c) both of the above
(d) None of the above
The progressive education movement that started in the beginning of this country, emphasizes
(a) The socialistic approach to education
(b) The moralistic attitude of behaviour
(c) The problem solving attitude of mind
(d) The individualistic approach to education
Women employees reported a mean weight of 148 pounds. Men employees reported a mean weight of 162 pounds. The mean weight of both groups together is 155 pounds. The proportion of women employees in the total is
(a) 60 percent
(b) 50 percent
(c) 40 percent
(d) 70 percent
The importance criterion to judge the success of a lesson by a teacher in the class would be, to see whether
(a) The lessons completed in time
(b) The teacher maintains discipline in the class
(c) The teacher encourages questions and answers in the class
(d) The students listen to the teacher clearly
If the ratio of change between two variables is same then it is called,
(a) Linear corelation
(b) Non-linear
(c) Both a & b
(d) None of the above
Researches have revealed the following distinction between the average and the talented students
(a) The talented students are more grade conscious and do tire some things
(b) The talented students work with a zeal if they are given motivation
(c) The average students are less boring than the talented students
(d) The average individuals purpose work with a genuine zeal even when there is no modernisation
If Median 4400, M.D. = 571.4, Coefficient of Mean Deviation is
(a) 0.054
(b) 0.123
(c) 0.027
(d) 0.045
The most important area of schools supervision should be
(a) School environment
(b) Developmental aspects
(c) Instructional work
(d) Pupil growth
A good hypothesis should be
(a) formulated in such a way that it can be tested by the data
(b) precise, specific and consistent with most known facts
(c) of limited scope and should not have global significance
(d) all of these
The amount of change in one variable does not bear a constant ratio to the amount of change in other variable it is called
(a) Linear corelation
(b) Non-linear corelation
(c) Partial corelation
(d) None of the above
There was movement called negative education recommended by a well known naturalist called Rousseum. What do you think would be the correct interpretation?
(a) Nature is god while the society is full of voices. So keep the child away from the society and have him to nature.
(b) The world is a mixture of right and wrong qualities so education should negate the wrong and teach what is right.
(c) The purpose of education is to prevent children from doing wrong things, so check them from the beginning.
(d) Human beings are born with wrong tendencies to commit sings from the Biblical point of view. So education must adopt a negative approach to check.
The square of standard deviation is called
(a) variance
(b) co-efficient
(c) percentage
(d) None of the above
We learn from newspapers and reports that the national average of the literacy rate in our country is
(a) About 39 percent
(b) About 36 percent
(c) About 45 percent
(d) About 40 percent
The positive welfare state must
(a) be natural regarding the classing interests of its citizens
(b) take only positive but not negative action to maintain social welfare
(c) take both positive and negative action to balance the welfare of its citizens
(d) see that people obtain freedom from restraints of regulations and planning.
The term social facilitisation is meant to indicate
(a) the influence of the presence of others on person's performance
(b) the need for creating facilities for members of the society in their attempts for an achievement
(c) the facilities offered by the society for the performance of task by an individual.
(d) the facilities available in a society for the successful performance of an individual
If median is 12, and "D" = 36, N = 48, the mean deviation is
(a) 0.75
(b) 0.48
(c) 0.45
(d) 0.52
Which of the following is the most essential characteristic of a research worker?
(a) Sympathy
(b) Open mindedness
(c) Emotional control
(d) Patience
A cumulative frequency is drawn on the basis of
(A) Adding the scores of the distribution intervals survey and plotting there added frequency point at the upper ends of the intervals
(b) Find out the percentages of frequencies of class intervals and plotting these percentages on the upper limits of the intervals
(c) Putting the total as frequency members at the mid points of class intervals and joining them progressively
(d) Something the mid points of frequency polygons against the cumulative frequencies of class intervals
Validity of a research can be improved by
(a) taking the true representative sample of the population
(b) eliminating extraneous factors
(c) both of the above measures
(d) none of these
Which of the following is a non-probability sample?
(a) Simple random sample
(b) Quota sample
(c) Purposive sample
(d) both a & c
A researcher divides his population into certain groups and fixes the size of the sample from each group. It is called
(a) cluster sample
(b) stratified sample
(c) quota sample
(d) all of the above
Area (cluster) sampling technique is used when
(a) population is scattered and large size of the sample is to be drawn
(b) population is heterogeneous
(c) long survey is needed
(d) both a & c
A researcher selects only 10 members as a sample from the total population of 5000 and considers it good because
(a) he was guided by his supervisor
(b) he was a good researcher
(c) the population was homogeneous
(d) all of these
The research antagonistic to ex-post tacto research is
(a) experimental studies
(b) library researches
(c) normative researches
(d) all of the above
The final result of a study will be more accurate if the sample drawn is
(a) taken randomly
(b) fixed by quota
(c) representative to the population
(d) purposive
In order to ensure moral freedom in the younger generation the social culture must
(a) Be binding on students so that they should be within its limits
(b) Not be a binding chart, but on ladder on which they may climb
(c) Not allow deviations from the legitimate restrictions of the authority
(d) Ensure that children avoid abuse of authority and stick to it
A researcher divides the populations into PG graduates and 10+2 students and using the random digit table he selects some of them from each. This is technically called
(a) stratified sampling
(b) stratified random sampling
(c) representative sampling
(d) none of these
Regarding the teachers control in the education of children, the following is the main difference between the Herbert and Dewey
(a) Acts are in favour of imparting knowledge through teacher control
(b) Dewey favours teacher control, but Herbert is against it
(c) Herbert favour is normal steps, but Dewey give more importance to teacher control only
(d) Herbert is in favour of teacher control while w.Dewey cannot agree with him.
In the conditioning approach to learning
(a) the natural stimulus follows the unnatural stimulus
(b) the unnatural stimulus follows the natural stimulus
(c) response to natural stimulus required to be reinforced
(d) the subject should be in readiness to receive the unnatural stimulus
Frequency is not taken into consideration in
(a) Individual observation
(b) Discreet series
(c) Continuous series
(d) None of the above
Which of the following approaches could be considered as progressive in the construction of curriculum ?
(a) Creating provision for promoting children to exert their potentialities for learning
(b) Providing knowledge from the past culture and achievements of he nation for inheritance
(c) Selecting the contents of the curriculum from the disciplinary and cultural values point of view.
(d) Arranging the subject matter required for compulsory acquisition by students in the interests of the society.
The press reports collected by correspon- dents
(a) Primary data
(b) Secondary data
(c) Tertiary data
(d) None of the above
Which of the following areas of co-operation should be regarded as more basic in your opinion?
(a) School and community
(b) Students and community
(c) Parents and teachers
(d) Teachers and supervisors
The sum of absolute deviations of items is minimum from
(a) median
(b) harmonic mean
(c) geometric mean
(d) mode
In order to augment the accuracy of the study a researcher
(a) should be honest and unbiased
(b) should increase the size of the sample
(c) should keep the variance high
(d) all of these
The validity and reliability of a research will be at stake when
(a) The incident was reported after a long period of time from that of its occurrence
(b) The author who is the source of information is biased, incompetent or dishonest
(c) The researcher himself is not competent enough to draw logical conclusions
(d) All of the above
Who is regarded the father of scientific social surveys?
(a) Best
(b) Booth
(c) Darwin
(d) None of these
Which of the following assumptions would be correct from a statistical point of view?
(a) Errors of observation will have frequencies that cannot approximate the normal probability curve.
(b) Linera magnitudes have measured frequencies closely following the normal probability curve
(c) Measures of physical and mental traits cannot be accepted to follow the normal probability curve.
(d) Linera magnitudes are measured frequencies that are always skewed.
In the school the administrator of the curriculum is
(a) Principal
(b) Class teacher
(c) Sports teacher
(d) All of the above
A negative coefficient of skewness implies that
(a) mean is equal to mode
(b) mean is greater than mode
(c) mean is equal to median
(d) mean is less than mode
Bowley's coefficient of skewness is
(a) less than
(b) equal to
(c) greater than
(d) not related to Karl Pearson's coefficient of skewness.
For a symmetrical distribution the coefficient of skewness is
(a) +3
(b)-1
(c) +1
(d) zero
Karl Pearson's coefficient of skewness
(a) is always negative
(b) is always positive
(c) can be both positive and negative
(d) cannot be zero
When coefficient of skewness is positive the distribution is said to be
(a) Platykutic
(b) Leptokutic
(c) Symmetrical
(d) Positively skewed
According to Piaget, the stage of concrete operations in children's development occurs between the ages of
(a) 7 to 11 years
(b) Birth to 2 years
(c) 11 to 16 years
(d) 0 to 7 years
Validity of a test means
(a) Discriminating ability
(b) Consistency of results
(c) Level of difficulty
(d) Predicitive quality
Karl Pearson's coefficient of skewness of a distribution is 0.4. Its mean is 30. The value of median will be
(a) 31.25
(c) 25.63
(b) 28.93
(d) 34.15
Flexibility should be brought about not only in the contact and areas of learning but also in the use of
(a) Interaction materials
(b) Sports materials
(c) Social system
(d) Economic problem
The examination oriented system of education in India emphasizes extra homework and leaves little time for
(a) Clubs
(b) Games
(c) Social service activities
(d) All of the above
A good hypothesis should be
(a) precise, specific and consistent with most known facts
(b) formulated in such a way that it can be tested by the data
(c) of limited scope and should not have global significance
(d) all of these
A research problem is feasible only when
(a) it is researchable
(b) it is new and adds something to knowledge
(c) it has utility and relevance
(d) all of these
Studying the social status of a population a researcher concluded that Mr. X is socially backward. His conclusion is
(a) wrong
(b) right
(c) inaccurate
(d) biased
If N = 100, P 85 shall lie in :
(a) 70th item
(b) 85th item
(c) 80th item
(d) 90th item
When the given data is divided into two equal parts to calculate the time series it is called
(a) Semi Average Method
(b) Moving Average Method
(c) Sampling Method
(d) None of the above
If 4 or 6 or 8 years moving average is secured to draw a trend line it is called
(a) Even period of moving averages
(b) Semi average method
(c) Sampling method
(d) None of the above
The long term movements when studied in statistics are called
(a) Secular trend
(b) Range trends
(c) Data collection
(d) None of the above
An example of scientific knowledge is
(a) social traditions and customs
(b) authority of the Prophet or great men
(c) religious scriptures
(d) laboratory and field experiments
The word 'Education' as derived from its root terms means
(a) to give instruction
(b) to develop children
(c) to develop the environment
(d) to train in literacy
Link relative method is used to study
(a) cyclical variations
(b) seasonal variations
(c) Both a & b
(d) None of the above
The mathematical method of measuring trend
(a) value is called Least squares method
(b) Semi averages method
(c) Moving averages method
(d) None of the above
Which technique is generally followed when the population is finite ?
(a) Purposive sampling technique
(b) Area sampling technique
(c) Systematic sampling technique
(d) None of the above
A researcher divides his population into certain groups and fixes the size of the sample from each group. It is called
(a) stratified sample
(b) quota sample
(c) cluster sample
(d) all of the above
If you are doing experiment on a large group of sample which method of controlling will you adopt?
(a) matching
(b) randomization
(c) elimination
(d) elimination and matching both
Some of the sources of secondary data are
(a) internal records of a firm's sales, production, etc.
(b) the data obtained by a firm in a survey conducted by it
(c) confidential records of the Government
(d) reports and publications of Central and State Government
If the marks obtained by 5 students are 40, 60, 70, 80, 90 the modal marks are:
(a) 60
(b) 90
(c) 40
(d) 80
The historical research is different from experimental research in the process of
(a) the formulation of the hypothesis
(b) replication
(c) the hypothesis testing
(d) all of the above
Who is regarded the father of scientific social surveys?
(a) Best
(b) Booth
(c) Darwin
(d) None of these
Statistical observations arranged in chronological order is called
(a) Regression
(b) Time services
(c) Progression
(d) None of the above
Which of the following is not the characteristic of a researcher ?
(a) He is industrious and persistent on the trial of discovery
(b) He is a specialist rather than a generalist
(c) He is not inspirational to his chosen field but accepts the reality
(d) He is not versatile in his interest and even in his native abilities
Bibliography given in a research report
(a) helps those interested in further research and studying the problem from another angle
(b) shows the vast knowledge of the researcher
(c) makes the report authentic
(d) none of the above
The quartile deviation in a frequency distribution is
(a) The distance between the 70th and the 30th percentage
(b) Half of the distance between the 75th and 25th percenties
(c) Half of the distance between the 70th and 30th percenties
(d) The distance between the 75th and 25th percenties
Index number is always a
(a) Relative number
(b) Absolute number
(c) Primary number
(d) None of the above
Calculus was developed by
(a) Francis Bacon
(b) Spinoza
(c) Leibnitz
(d) Descartes
Free hand method is used in
(a) Time services
(b) Histogram
(c) Pie diagram
(d) None of the above
A test of "Shiftability of Base" is called
(a) Factor reversal test
(b) Time reversal test
(c) Circular test
(d) None of the above
The device to measure the differences in the magnitude of a group of related variable is called
(a) Regression
(b) Index number
(c) Corelation
(d) None of the above
The final result of a study will be more accurate if the sample drawn is
(a) fixed by quota
(b) taken randomly
(c) representative to the population
(d) purposive
The research antagonistic to ex-post facto research is :
(a) experimental studies
(b) library researches
(c) normative researches
(d) all of the above
Validity of a research can be improved by
(a) taking the true representative sample of the population
(b) eliminating extraneous factors
(c) both of the above measures
(d) none of these
The problem solving method is the teaching of any subject is best adopted when
(a) The problem is selected out of the initiative of the teachers
(b) The students can solve the problem by his previous knowledge
(c) The problem is presented in the form of an assignment by the teacher
(d) The student's previous knowledge is in sufficient and the solution is possible only after acquiring new knowledge
Attributes of objects, events or things which can be measured are called
(a) data
(b) qualitative measure
(c) variables
(d) none of the above
In plotting a frequency polygon, it is important to see that
(a) Each chass interval is represented by a
separate rectangle
(b) Mid point of all class intervals are joined together
(c) The mid point of an interval is always taken to represent the entire interval
(d) None of the above
Independent variables are not manipulated in
(a) ex-post facto researches
(b) normative researches
(c) both of the above
(d) none of the above
All are examples of qualitative variables except
(a) sex
(b) religion and castes
(c) observation
(d) interest of the subject
The review of the related study is important while undertaking a research because
(a) it helps in understanding the gaps
(b) it avoids repetition or duplication
(c) it helps the researcher not to draw illogical conclusions
(d) all of the above
A researcher divides the populations into PG, graduates and 10 + 2 students and using the random digit table he selects some of them from each. This is technically called
(a) stratified sampling
(b) stratified random sampling
(c) representative sampling
(d) none of these
To measure the changed purchasing power of currency, the index number that is used is called
(a) Cost of living index
(b) Quantity index
(c) Both a & b
(d) None
A researcher selects a probability sample of 100 out of the total population. It is
(a) a random sample
(b) a cluster sample
(c) a stratified sample
(d) systematic sample
The process not needed in experimental researches is
(a) controlling
(b) observation
(c) manipulation and replication
(d) reference collection
The experimental study is based on the law of
(a) replication
(b) single variable
(c) occupation
(d) interest of the subject
The period against which comparisons are made in Index number is called
(a) Current year
(b) Base year
(c) Coming year
(d) None
A statistical measure based upon the entire population is called parameter while measure based upon a sample is known as
(a) sample parameter
(b) inference
(c) statistics
(d) none of these
Field study is related to
(a) real life situations
(b) laboratory situations
(c) experimental situations
(d) none of the above
The other name of independent variable for an experimental research is/are
(a) experimental variable
(b) treatment variable
(c) manipulated variable
(d) all of the above
If the sample drawn does not specify any condition about the parameter of the population, it is called
(a) selected statistics
(b) distribution free statistics
(c) census
(d) none of the above
Area (cluster) sampling technique is used when
(a) population is heterogeneous
(b) population is scattered and large size of the sample is to be drawn
(c) long survey is needed
(d) both a & c
Which of the following will be acceptable for establishing a fact?
(a) Traditionally in practice over a long period of time
(b) Opinion of a large number of people
(c) Availability of observable evidence
(d) Reference in the ancient literature
Which of the following is a non-probability sample?
(a) Simple random sample
(b) Quota sample
(c) Purposive sample
(d) a and c both
A cumulative frequency is drawn on the basis of
(a) Adding the scores of the distribution intervals survey and plotting there added frequency point at the upper ends of the intervals.
(b) Find out the percentages of frequencies of class intervals and plotting these percentage on the upper limit of the intervals.
(c) Putting the total as frequency members at the mid points of class intervals and joining them progressively.
(d) Something the mid points of frequency polygons against the cumulative frequencies of class intervals
The problem which of the following type of desks would you prefer as being convenient for students to write ?
(a) The minus desk
(b) The flat desk
(c) The plus desk
(d) The zero desk
The plus two stage in our education ladder, is intended to
(a) Provide for education as a substitute for the earlier intermediate education
(b) Be devoted for purely diversified vocational courses
(c) Divert a part of students towards vocational courses
(d) All of the above
Generalised conclusion on the basis of a sample is technically known as
(a) statistical inference of external validity of the research
(b) parameter inference
(c) data analysis and interpretation
(d) all of the above
Which of the following assumptions would be correct from a statistical point of view?
(a) Errors of observation will have frequencies that cannot approximate the normal probability curve
(b) Linear magnitudes have measured frequencies closely following the normal probability curve.
(c) Measures of physical and mental traits cannot be accepted to follow the normal probability curve.
(d) Linear magnitudes have measured frequencies that are always skewed.
The device through which the functional relationship is studied and forecasting is made is called
(a) Corelation
(b) Regression
(c) Time series
(d) None of the above
The quartile deviation includes the
(a) last 50 per cent
(b) first 50 per cent of the items
(c) all the items
(d) central 50 per cent
Standard deviation is always computed from
(a) mean
(b) G.m.
(c) median
(d) mode
Which of the following measures is least affected by extreme items :
(a) range
(b) quartile deviation
(c) standard deviation
(d) mean deviation
Which of the following is a computed measure of absolute variation?
(a) range
(b) Abstandard deviation
(c) quartile deviation
(d) all of them
A good researcher lays his hands on
(a) a specific area and tries to understand it in minute details
(b) any area as long as manpower and fundings are available in plenty
(c) several areas and tries to understand them at fundamental level.
(d) all the above
Harmonic mean of a series of data is
(a) The reciprocal of the arithmetic average of the reciprocals of the values of its various items
(b) Always ill-defined
(c) The reciprocal of the arithmetic average of the values of various items
(d) None of the above
If by obtaining two curves one for X variable and other for Y variable we see the both curves moving in the same direction, it indicates
(a) Positive corelation
(b) Negative corelation
(c) Partial corelation
(d) None of the above
The nature of relationship is studied through
(a) co-relation
(b) regression
(c) progression
(d) None of the above
Mean deviation is standard deviation
(a) less than
(b) equal to
(c) not related to
(d) more than
Which of the measures of dispersion is more useful in case of open-end distributions
(a) average deviation
(b) range
(c) standard deviation
(d) quartile deviation
When the average value of a number of years is taken as a trend to plot a trend line it is called
(a) Semi Average method
(b) Moving Average Method
(c) Both a & b
(d) None of the above
The following measure of central tendency cannot be represented graphically
(a) arithmetic mean
(b) mode
(c) Median
(d) quartile
The co-efficient value of co-relation lies between
(a) 0 to 1
(b) 0 to -1
(c) -1 to 1
(d) 1-10
On matters of academics (knowledge) a researcher should consider himself as
(a) entirely dependent on the teacher
(b) open minded and radical
(c) fairly knowledgeable
(c) a status quo maintainer
Given the N values in a series, the geometric mean is
(a) The third root of the product of N values.
(b) The square root of the product of N values
(c) The fourth root of the product of N values
(d) The Nth root of the product of N values
Which of the measures given here are based on every item of the series
(a) range
(b) standard deviation
(c) quartile deviation
(d) all of them
In regression equation of Y on X YC = a + bx the values of
(a) a, b are constant
(b) a, b are variable
(c) Both a & b
(d) None
A researcher selects a probability sample of 100 out of the total population. It is
(a) a cluster sample
(b) a random sample
(c) a systematic sample
(d) a stratified sample
If x is 4 and the distribution is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, the sum of squared deviations from the x will be:
(a) 8
(b) 10
(c) 6
(d) 12
Generalized conclusion on the basis of a sample is technically known as
(a) statistical inference of external validity of the research
(b) parameter inference
(c) data analysis and interpretation
(d) all of the above
A statistical measure based upon the entire population is called parameter while measure based upon a sample is known as
(a) sample parameter
(b) inference
(c) statistic
(d) none of these
Who said that members of the same species are not alike ?
(a) Darwin
(b) Best
(c) Herbert Spencer
(d) Good
If the scatter diagram is drawn and if the points come to a straight line it is an indication of
(a) skewness
(b) perfect corelation
(c) no corelation
(d) None of the above
